Multilingual NLP

Chapter 35: Multilingual Models mBERT, XLM-R Multilingual pretraining strategies [Cross-lingual embeddings, language-agnostic pretraining, polyglot fine-tuning] References Chapter 36: Neural Machine Translation Transformer-based MT, attention alignment Low-resource MT techniques [Bilingual lexicons, unsupervised MT, pivot translation] References Chapter 37: Cross-Lingual Learning Zero-shot transfer, language-agnostic embeddings Applications: Global NLP tasks [Cross-lingual alignment, XNLI, multilingual benchmarks] References Chapter 38: Low-Resource NLP Challenges in low-resource languages Applications: Indigenous language preservation, accessibility [Crowdsourcing, unsupervised learning, morphological modeling] References